Is the world a better place as a result of globalization Essay

Is the world a superior spot because of globalization - Essay Example before were viewed as inner, are currently straightforwardly and all the more effectively being meddled at by global associations, advocating such activities with values that are built up all inclusive, for instance, human rights (Boyle; Keck and Sikkink). Having the option to appreciate things that we don’t appreciate before could quickly disclose to us that in reality, globalization has improved the world a spot to live in. Indeed to Wolf, globalization has diminished disparity between and inside countries. Things being what they are, if globalization has made it workable for all countries to appreciate the assets every one has; if globalization has made it feasible for people groups of various societies to join so as to modify a medicinally perilous conviction; in the event that globalization has allowed immature countries the chance to be grown; at that point, what is there to restrict? As Rodrik has brought up, let us be cautious in bouncing to such end, on the grounds that to his view, globalization has in certainty debilitated work and has been hastily subverting country states. Following Rodrik’s investigation, I, as well, am suspicious that globalization is improving our reality a spot to live in. What made me state this, I will contend underneath. The primary element or all the more unequivocally, the very rationale of globalization is to change the world market. Consequently the main impetus of globalization isn't homogenization, neither intermingling, in the positive sense, yet the unhindered development of capital. It is ideal to envision that globalization will join the world towards the advancement of humankind. Lamentably, imagining that way would be tricking ourselves, in light of the fact that the reality remains that globalization is capitalism’s monetary system. Then again, it would likewise be off base to deny that globalization has opened up monetary chances and advancement to poor nations. Models of which are China and India, which economy has drastically improved from impoverishment. A lot more nations in Asia are additionally profited with quick financial development. Having the

World Bank Report Concept Of Water Security Environmental Sciences Essay

Water security infers ease dish to clean H2O for agribusiness, modern and family use and is in this way of import part of human security. Water alongside supplement and vitality signifiers a basic segment of ‘new security agenda ‘ and reclassifies the worry of security as a balance for approach reaction and long haul arranging. 23. Water security for India infers strong reactions to changing H2O conditions in footings of value, measure and lopsided appropriation. Unnoticed it can result connection between South Asiatic states. Water security has been perceived as being of import bounty to be revered in UN human rights announcement and is currently a premise of UN ‘s millenium advancement ends[ 1 ]. Water uncertainty is all permeant in South Asiatic part, seeable in battles and tensenesss break excursion inside and across states. In this way, the interest to fuse H2O security as a cardinal constituent of human security is significant. 24. Water Availability and A ; Consumption. Planet is secured to a great extent by H2O yet just 3 % of it is new H2O and out of which 2 % is solidified in ice tops and ice sheets. Simple 1 % is in signifier of lakes, pools, streams, waterways, swamps, marshesand lowlands is promptly accessible for human ingestion. By 2030 it is accepted that interest for H2O will be 40 % more than its present interest and 50 % higher in most rapidlydeveloping states that incorporate India and China[ 2 ].As per the estimations, by 2030 universe populace is anticipated to make 7.5 billion ( low estimation ) and 9 billion ( medium estimation ) by 2050 from the present level of 6.7 billion people.The lion's share of the populace expansion will be in states previously sing H2O deficiencies. The ever spread trip spread between request ( in footings of turning populace and A ; monetary framework ) and gracefully ( in footings of handiness ) will possibly do H2O a significant issue in the coming decennaries exceptionally in moronically populated states. 25. Association Ministry of H2O assets has assessed the states H2O requests to be around 1093 BCM for the twelvemonth 2025 and 1447 BCM for the twelvemonth 2050. With sticking populace growthof 1.4 billion by 2050, the whole accessible H2O assets would barely fit the whole H2O requests of the state. In 1951 the one-year per capita handiness of H2O was 5177m, which decreased to 1342m by 2000. The realities show that India is required to go ‘water focused on ‘ by 2025 and ‘water scant ‘ by 2050. Fitting to the UNEP. ‘water accentuation ‘ happens when interest for H2O surpasses the accessible aggregate during a specific period or when hapless quality limits its utilization. Water accentuation causes impedance of new H2O assets in footings of value and measure. An express whose sustainable new H2O handiness on a one-year per capita balance, surpasses around 1700 centimeter will suffer simply infrequent or nearby H2O work. Beneath this edge states being to see intermittent or normal H2O accentuation. At the point when new H2O handiness falls underneath 1000cm per individual per twelvemonth, states experience constant H2O scarceness, in which the lack of H2O Begins to bridle financial turn of events, human wellbeing and great being. At the point when inexhaustible new H2O supplies fall beneath 500 centimeters for every person, states experience total scarceness. 24. Six billion individuals of planet Earth use around 30 % of the universe ‘s whole open inexhaustible flexibly of H2O. By 2025, that worth may make 70 % . However at present one million a huge number of individuals need fundamental H2O administrations and 1000000s bite the dust every twelvemonth from H2O related maladies. Some accept that new H2O will be basic confining asset for some parts in the nearby in the future. Around one tierce of te universe ‘s populace lies in states that are sing H2O accentuation. In Asia, where H2O has ever been viewed as a rich asset for every capita handiness declined by 40-60 % between 1955 and A ; 1990. Projections recommend that most Asiatic states will hold horrendous H2O occupations by the twelvemonth 2025. 25. Water Security. Water security is a slippery develop, yet accord is get bringing down to rise known to mankind network with respect to its measurements, its parametric amounts, and the best assaults for its achievement. The Second World Water Forum Ministerial Declaration ( 2000 ) , embraced that H2O security infers the devotees: †Human course to sheltered and minimal effort H2O for health and prosperity. Affirmation of monetary and political stableness. Security of human populaces from the perils of water-related dangers. Fair and purposeful sharing of H2O assets. Complete and simply evaluating of the asset. Maintainability of biological systems at all pieces of the hydrologic rhythm.Dimensions of Water Security26. The issue of H2O security has a few measurements, for example, viing uses, degradation of value and scarceness. World Bank characterizes it as a blend of expanded productiveness and decreased destructivity of H2O. In the days of old, the opposition for H2O has activated cultural tensenesss and battles between water-use segments and states as the household requests for H2O has constrained authoritiess to be after and placed in sweeping H2O endeavors, for example, the River-Linking Project by India and Three Gorges undertaking by China. The H2O profile of the part with complex mutualities suggests that inner kineticss inside a state may now logically show itself in a between State measurement. 27. Water is ostensibly one of humankind ‘s most significant assets and that is the reason every single antediluvian civilisation developed along waterways be it the Indus or the Nile. It has gone under expanded interest because of quick populace and financial developing and may go an immutable start of battles both inside the states each piece great as between states. South Asia is an arranged example review of H2O both as a start of participation and each piece great as battle. The worry for H2O is additionally squeezing in the South Asiatic terrain staying of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Nepal. The China factor and effect of its H2O strategies has added another measurement to the activity. 28. Water scarceness is a genuine and turning work all through the universe, and the twin power per unit regions of ‘Population Growth ‘ and ‘Climate Change ‘ will just raise this activity. The United Nations evaluates that â€Å" the figure of individuals populating in water-focused on states will increment from around 700 million today to in excess of 3 billion by 2035[ 3 ]. The immature universe totally will be home to 90 % of the 3 billion individuals expected to be added to the planetary populace by 2025. 29. It is evaluated that by 2025, over portion of the universe ‘s tenants will be straight influenced by H2O scarceness. A large portion of them will populate in either China or India. China has course to around 7 % penny of the universe ‘s H2O assets, however is spot to around 20 % of the planetary populace, while India has around 4 % of H2O assets with just a fairly littler public[ 4 ]. The two states, alongside eight other Asiatic states and 47 % of the universe ‘s individuals, are, all things considered, subject to the Tibetan Plateau for H2O. Any H2O strategies for the part consequently will hold a global effect. 30. Estimated by customary indexs, H2O accentuation, which happens when the interest for H2O surpasses the accessible whole during a specific period or when hapless quality limits its utilization, is expanding rapidly, especially in creating states like India and China. Fitting to the 2006 Human Development Report[ 5 ], around 700 million individuals in 43 states live beneath the water-stress edge of 1,700 three-dimensional meters per person. By 2025, this figure will make 3 billion, as H2O accentuation strengthens in China, India, and South Asia.Factors Determining Water Security31. The graduated table of the ever-present social test of achieving and drawing out H2O security is controlled by numerous components, of which three stick out. First there is the hydrologic condition, the outright level of H2O asset handiness, its between and intra-yearly changeability and its spacial appropriation, which is a characteristic estate that a general public acquires. Second, there is the finan cial condition, the development of the monetary framework and the conduct of its histrions, which will rei⠬‚ect common and social estates and arrangement picks. Third, there will be adjustments in the great beyond condition, with extensive and turning grounds that clime change will be a significant segment. These elements will play of import works in finding the foundations and the sorts and graduated tables of base expected to achieve H2O security.The Hydrologic Environment32. Generally low precipitation inconstancy, with downpour appropriated all through the twelvemonth and Perennial River i⠬‚ows continued by groundwater base i⠬‚ows, results in hydrology that is similarly â€Å" simple † to pull off. Accomplishing an essential level of H2O security is direct and requires moderately low degrees of achievement and contributing ( mostly in light of the fact that H2O is sufiâ ¬?cient, boundless and nearly trustworthy ) . â€Å" Difiâ ¬?cult † hydrologies are those of total H2O scarceness ( for example comeuppances ) and, at the other extraordinary, low-lying lands where there is awful i⠬‚ood peril. Much more difiâ ¬?cult is the place precipitation is extraordinarily occasional or where there is high between yearly clime fluctuation. With logically â€Å" difiâ ¬?cult † hydrology, the level of institutional reiâ ¬?nement and base contributing expected to achieve essential H2O security turns out to be signiiâ ¬?cantly more prominent. Not coincidently, the vast majority of the universe ‘s hapless face difiâ ¬?cult hydrologies. 33. An estate of trans-limit Waterss, hydrologic and political or a â€Å" trans-bo

Preparing a computer forensics investigation plan

Step by step instructions to set up a windows-based PC for a measurable examination Forensic agents utilize explicit equipment and programming to look at PC frameworks. The expanded reception of Windows working frameworks has made PC legal specialists use Windows-based stages as wellsprings of computerized proof. The initial step includes taking the picture of the PC suspected to have essential advanced data.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Preparing a PC crime scene investigation examination plan explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More If critical proof is suspected to be held in unstable capacity, at that point a live examination is led, however a dead examination is performed when the proof is believed to be contained in perpetual capacity plate areas. A Windows-based PC would require recovery of data before closing down the PC. In any case, on the off chance that the data is believed to be contained in the perpetual stockpiling, at that point a PC must be closed down before shipping it to a research center for scientific examination. A PC legal sciences master ought to be mindful so as not to change information held in non-unstable capacity when shutting down the PC. When utilizing a Microsoft Windows framework, the data put away in non-unpredictable capacity could be kept from obstruction by expelling the force string from the attachment (Nelson, Phillips Steuart, 2010; Easttom, 2014). The initial phase in the lab assessment would include investigation of the status and arrangement of the PC. The PC ought to be booted and BIOS arrangement chose. Alert ought to be taken with the goal that the Windows-based PC doesn't utilize inside computerized gadgets for sure. Then again, inner drives ought to be separated so they would not meddle with the expected booting technique (Nelson et al., 2010; Taylor, Haggerty, Gresty Lamb, 2011; Easttom, 2014). Now, data could be recovered from the PC for scientific investigation. Step by ste p instructions to deal with advanced proof Digital information could be changed effectively, and this could meddle with the honesty of computerized data. Additionally, adjustment of computerized information could make it hard to separate unique information from replicated information. There are four rules that are followed when taking care of computerized proof (Easttom, 2014). Initially, advanced proof ought to be gathered in a way that doesn't cause changes as information. In the event that the information are changed, at that point the honesty of the information could be undermined. Furthermore, just prepared people ought to be permitted to deal with advanced proof. People who are prepared could deal with advanced proof expertly and be answerable for breaking moral, legitimate and proficient norms (Nelson et al., 2010). Likewise, advanced proof that is expertly taken care of via prepared staff could have higher odds of being permissible in court than computerized proof dealt with by undeveloped persons.Advertising Looking for article on interchanges media? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Third, all procedures used to dissect computerized proof ought to be all around reported and put away for audits later on. There ought to be clear purposes behind any progressions that are done on the computerized proof. This assists with considering experts liable for their activities. Fourth, PC criminological specialists ought to analyze duplicates of unique records suspected to contain proof (Easttom, 2014). As it were, unique records ought not be inspected or controlled. Social occasion information The nature of proof assembled in PC crime scene investigation significantly relies upon the law requirement and strategies utilized when assembling the proof (Nelson et al., 2010). The law is clear about explicit lawful rules that ought to be followed when dealing with scientific proof. For instance, the Health Insu rance Portability and Accountability Act denies experts from unveiling clients’ data without their authorization (Easttom, 2014). In this manner, it would be illicit for a PC legal sciences expert to reveal private data about an individual who is being explored without their authorization. Get-together information in PC crime scene investigation is likewise expected to adhere to standard methodology that plan to advance nature of the proof. Standard proof social occasion technique requires scientific specialists to utilize tried and acknowledged devices for information assortment. A portion of the instruments may incorporate boot programming, PC scientific programming, examination programming and knowledge investigation programming, among others. General practices and strategies likewise necessitate that all work force engaged with social event proof ought to know about the best systems and practices. This assists with keeping up the honesty and legitimacy of criminological p roof (Nelson et al., 2010; Easttom, 2014). Security issues Privacy issues are basic in the field of PC crime scene investigation. Legitimate and moral norms necessitate that PC scientific specialists ought to maintain the security of customer associations. At times, spillage of a client’s data may bring about media consideration that could adversely affect a business association. Code of morals disallows people from uncovering resources of a person when directing scientific examinations. It is additionally against the set of accepted rules to unveil an individual’s data on the web during legal examinations (Nelson et al., 2010; Taylor et al., 2011). The most effective method to utilize information as proof in a criminal continuing The information gathered from the PC framework would go about as proof in a criminal continuing just in the event that it satisfies the guideline prerequisites (Taylor et al., 2011; Easttom, 2014). Initially, there must be appropriate documen tation to show that the information was gathered utilizing standard legitimate and moral procedures.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Preparing a PC legal sciences examination plan explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Second, it ought to be appeared in a court that the information being introduced as proof have not been changed to influence their respectability. Third, it must be indicated that the people dealing with the information at different stages are prepared for that reason. When the three conditions are met, the information would be utilized as standard proof in a criminal continuing. References Easttom, C. (2014). Framework crime scene investigation, examinations, and reaction (second ed.). Burlington, MA; Jones and Bartlett Learning. Nelson, B., Phillips, A., Steuart, C. (2010). Manual for PC crime scene investigation andâ investigations. Stamford, CT: CengageBrain. com. Taylor, M., Haggerty, J., Gresty, D., Lamb, D. (2011). Criminologi cal examination of distributed computing frameworks. System Security, 2011(3), 4-10. This article on Preparing a PC crime scene investigation examination plan was composed and presented by client Bulld0zer to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it likewise. 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Sarbanes Oaxley Act And Reporting Of Employee Compensation Essay

Sarbanes Oaxley Act And Reporting Of Employee Compensation - Essay Example The explanation of the new law is to protect investors by building up the precision and consistency of organization disclosures. The law framed a sovereign Public Company Accounting Oversight Board to manage the examination of open organizations to shield the enthusiasm of financial specialists and moreover the open enthusiasm for offering useful and right data. Further areas of the demonstration involve however are not lacking to Corporate Responsibility, Auditor Independence, and Enhanced Financial Disclosures. The law likewise manages organization and unlawful trick, and it gives illegal disciplines for duping investors of openly managed organizations. Since the SEC has oversight and authorization impact over the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, it is normal that the SEC will have contribution to examining and corporate position worries after the foundation of the board in 2003 and as its standards appear. The Act restricts organizations from extending, transparently or not legitimately, approval looking like private credits to its official officials and executives. Open advances (starting at July 30, 2002) are fabulous fathered as long as the particulars of such credits are not redone. This boycott impact customary execution like cashless activities of investment opportunities, advances and credits to help with home buys, and may impact certain cut dollar courses of action and 401(k) plan advances. The Act a Closedown Limitations Notice Necessities The Act compensation the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to require that arrangement chairmen of unmistakable installment plans offer early notification to design individuals from an up and coming power outage period. For this explanation, a power outage stage is depicted as a time of three (3) or more progressive business days through which individuals' fitness to direct or stretch out belongings in their records, or to achieve credits or to division from an arrangement, is confined or constrained. A power outage period doesn't grasp any delays, cutoff points or limits that (1) occur by reason for solicitation of the protections laws, (2) relate to just one part, or (3) are adjustments to the arrangement that proposal for an as often as possible modified deferral, limitation or requirement, gave such changes are uncovered to individuals. Plan individuals for the most part ought to acquire notice of the power outage period at any rate 30 days sooner than the start of the power outage period. The notification must offer: Foundations for the power outage period; Pompous ventures; Span of the power outage period; A presentation that individuals and beneficiaries ought to survey the reasonableness of their current interests considering the impediments constrained all through the power outage period. Some other issue required under framework. The Department of Labor is approved under the Act, to gather a common fine of up to $100 every day per part for breakdown to offer the notification. The Department what's more, is planned for giving a reproduction notice no

Issues In International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Issues In International Business - Essay Example With the development of the diverse highlights in worldwide business, multifaceted correspondence and intercultural arrangement are recognized as significant contemplations for directing business activities (Okoro, 2013). As of late, working society is viewed as a significant factor for leading activities reasonably. In this unique circumstance, business people are furnishing directors with scarcely any exceptional visits to the focused on nations with the point of giving preparing to comprehend the work culture of those nations. Individually, in migration, administrators are required to have culturally diverse relational abilities for directing business activities with better maintainability. This sort of worldwide introduction empowers the delegates of these organizations to gather data about the social qualities and practices, with the goal that working society in those nations depend on the social standards rehearsed. Internationalization in the business field assists with burying interface political arrangements and financial strategies of the different nations with one another (Georgia Department of Education, 2008). The goal of the investigation is to portray the significance of the social factor in universal business. In this specific situation, the examination features a few social highlights in the business setting of two nations that incorporate Singapore and United Kingdom. The investigation will likewise examine about the effect of culture on universal business. The UK is frequently recognized to be a rich nation as far as monetary development, business activities and culture. With regards to worldwide business, the UK is well known for extension of business and setting up relationship based culture in the business condition. There are a few explanations behind choice the UK as a host nation for choosing as a proper area for worldwide business. The principle explanation behind choosing the UK as a host nation to lead

Students’ Guide to Event Studies and How to Use Them

Students’ Guide to Event Studies and How to Use Them in Dissertations Event studies are methods used to measure the impact of a particular event or a series of events on the market value of a stock or company. The concept behind this is to try to understand whether sudden and abnormal stock returns can be attributed to market information pertaining to an event. Often events such as mergers and acquisitions, new product launches, expansion into new markets, earnings announcements and public offerings can have a major impact on the stock price as well as the valuation of a firm. Various software programmes can be used to measure this impact, but most often event studies are conducted in Excel and Stata. Students will benefit from learning the methodology of event studies as it will open a new area of possibilities for conducting research, writing a dissertation or developing a proposal. In this guide, we will look at event studies and try to establish their uses in finance dissertations. Event study was invented by Eugene Fama and his team in 1969. Event studies can have a wide magnitude, simply because events can themselves be of different types. For instance, the announcement of acquiring a company which has solid fundamentals can lead to value creation for a firm. On the other hand, regulatory shocks can lead to value erosion if they have a direct bearing on the operations of an organisation. Stock markets can react differently to different events, and hence it is important to ascertain whether an event will have a positive or a negative impact on a company. The study of these events can help investors generate abnormal returns. However, it is important to isolate the effects of particular events on stock from other factors that may influence prices. For this reason, benchmarks for normal returns are used in event studies, and these normal returns are often estimated with an assumption that financial markets should be efficient. So, event studies are based on the efficient market hypothesis. According to the theory, in an efficient capital market, all the new and relevant information is immediately reflected in the respective asset prices. Although this theory is not universally applicable, there are many instances in which it holds true. An event study implies a step by step analysis of the impact that a particular announcement has on a company’s valuation. In normal conditions, without the influence of the analysed event, it is assumed that expected returns on a stock would be determined by the risk-free rate, systematic risk of the stock and risk premium required by investors. These conditions are measured by the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). There can primarily be three types of announcements which can constitute event studies. These include corporate announcements, macroeconomic announcements, as well as regulatory events. As the name suggests, corporate announcements could include bankruptcies, asset sales, MAs, credit rating downgrades, earnings announcements and announcements of dividends. These events usually have a major impact on the stock prices simply because they are directly interlinked with the company. On the other hand, macroeconomic announcements can include central bank announcements of changes in interest rates, an announcement of inflation projections and economic growth projections. Even though macroeconomic events to have systemic effects and influence the whole equity market, some companies may be more sensitive to particular macroeconomic news than others, and for this reason, the event study methodology can be implemented. Finally, regulatory announcements such as policy changes and new laws announ cement can also impact the stock prices of companies, and therefore can be measured using the method of event studies. A critical issue in event studies is choosing the right event window during which the analysed announcements are assumed to produce the strongest effect on share prices. According to the efficient market hypothesis, announcements instantaneously affect and adjust stock prices. Hence, even within event windows, no statistically significant abnormal returns would be expected. However, in reality, there could be rumours before official announcements and some investors may act on such rumours. Moreover, investors may react at different times due to differences in speed of information processing and reaction. In order to account for all these factors, event windows usually capture a short period before the announcement to account for rumours and an asymmetrical period after the announcement. It is important to note that estimating abnormal returns using the event study method for a single company does not add much value because there is no way to check if these abnormal returns are not attained by accident. In order to make event studies stronger and statistically meaningful, a large number of similar or related cases are analysed. Then, abnormal returns are cumulated and averages are calculated. The presence of a high number of observations allows for conducting tests of significance of the estimated abnormal returns. T-statistic is often used to evaluate whether the calculated abnormal returns are on average different from zero. So, researchers that use event studies are concerned not only with the positive or negative effects of specific events but also with the generalisation of the results and measuring the statistical significance of abnormal returns. To sum up, an event study is a broad field of research which can be used to measure the impact of major announcements on the valuation of a firm and its share price. It has a wide range of applications for analysts as well as students who are looking to prepare a dissertation in the field of finance.

The Marketing Mix Essay - 275 Words

The Marketing Mix (Essay Sample) Content: The Marketing Mix-PriceName:Institution:The Marketing Mix-PriceCreating product prices is a difficult choice for a company. Available alternatives include offering the product free of charge, pricing based on input costs plus a profit margin, or premium pricing based on consumers propensity to spend. The model a company chooses will depend on its brand image, available capital, or its growth prospects (Narayandas, 2005). Therefore, the chosen model should reflect how a company implements its business strategy to attain financial objectives. The model will take into consideration characteristics of the market and consumers, models of competitors, and goals of the company with respect to the volume it wants to drive in the long-term.Pricing ModelsCanned VegetablesThe most appropriate pricing model for canned vegetables is a cost-based model. This model uses the unit cost of production, which includes direct and indirect costs when setting price. The company will add a p rofit margin that is a percentage of the total cost of production to the final price (Narayandas, 2005). Characteristics of cost-based pricing include:It is easy to adjust price when costs increase.It is ideal for those products that have a specified quantity of raw materials. It suits manufacturer who can scale production relative to the products demand. It does not consider competitor pricing models, as long as it covers unit costs.It ignores the effect of pricing on the product demand. It does not give an incentive to improve efficiency.Companies that produce canned vegetables incorporate various ingredients to make the food nutritious. When pricing, first they will add the cost of inputs then include a profit margin to come up with the final price. This means that many companies within the same industry may have different prices for the same product if the cost of inputs is different (Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, 1999). Aspirin Aspirin is a drug people consume when they are sick and the most appropriate model is value based pricing. Its manufacturers use different ingredients in varying combinations during production. Therefore, they will set a price depending on the value consumers attach to the product (Anand, Khanna, 2000). The company does not rely on prices of competitors since people will consume this drug based on its effectiveness to cure maladies. The demand for the product is pegged on the number of sick people meaning that if the company were to add more ingredients to the drug to make it more useful and charge more, people would still buy it. Gale and Swire (2006) say that the characteristics of value based pricing include the following:Has ability to maximize revenue given that the model is based on how much customers are willing to pay for the value they will pull from the product.It focuses the product on customer expectations. It ignores pricing of competitors.It is suitable where a company can grade its brand value relative to competitor brands. It does not rely on cost of production.A company using value-based pricing will charge customers based on the perceived value of the product. The company will produce similar categories of product with different ingredients and charge each group a different price (PWC, 2014). Similarities between Cost-Based and Value-Based ModelsHinterhuber (2004) says that both methods use other attributes besides product demand when setting price. Cost based model uses unit cost of production while value based model uses the perceived value to determine the price.Both models focus on a profit margin though cost based model has a lower margin than value based model. This is because the cost-based model considers the market floor and ceiling when determining the right price while value based method looks at how much clients are willing to pay for its product. Both methods allow the company to cluster clients and charge them differently depending on what they consume. This is be cause the price depends on the cost of production or the intrinsic value of the productDifferencesSimon and Butscher (2001) give the differences in the two models as follows:Focus: Cost-based pricing looks at how much profit the company wants to make while value based pricing takes into consideration the value clients will get after consuming the product. Price: With cost-based pricing, market conditions determine the price a company will charge for its products while in value based model, the company looks at consumers ability to pay for the product. Benefits: Cost-based pricing transfer benefits to consume...