Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck

John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men is a touching tale of the friendship between two men–set against the backdrop of the United States during the depression of the 1930s. The book addresses the real hopes and dreams of working-class America. Steinbeck's short novel raises the lives of the poor and dispossessed to a higher, symbolic level. The novel opens with two workers who are crossing the country on foot to find work. George is a cynical, irresolute man. George looks after his companion, Lennie–treating him like a brother. Lennie is a giant man of incredible strength, but has a metal disability that makes him slow-to-learn and almost child-like. George and Lennie had to flee the last town because Lennie touched a woman's dress and he'd been accused of rape. They begin to work at a ranch, and they share their dream: they want to own their own piece of land and farm for themselves. They feel dispossessed and unable to control their own lives. The climactic moment of the novel revolves around Lennie's love of soft things. He pets the hair of Curley's wife, but she gets scared. In the resulting struggle, Lennie kills her and runs away. The farmhands form a lynch mob to punish Lennie, but George finds him first. George understands that Lennie cannot live in the world, and he wants to save him the pain and terror of being lynched, so he shoots him in the back of the head. The literary power of Of Mice and Men rests firmly on the relationship between the two central characters, their friendship and their shared dream. These two men are so very different, but they come together, stay together, and support each other in a world full of people who are destitute and alone. In a way, Of Mice and Men is an extremely despondent novel. The novel shows the dreams of a small group of people and then contrasts these dreams with a reality that is unreachable, which they cannot achieve. Even though the dream never becomes reality, Steinbeck does leave us with an optimistic message. George and Lennie do not achieve their dream, but their friendship stands out as a shining example of how people can live and love even in a word of alienation and disconnectedness. Its powerful ending is climactic and shocking to the extreme. But, we also come to an understanding of the tragedy of life. Regardless of the sufferings of those who live it, life goes on. The book is great, highly recommended. There’s so much human nature in those few pages, it’s just amazing how Steinbeck managed to pack it all in so nicely. Many of the most major and fundamental principles of the human psyche are here – self-esteem, meaning to one’s life, loneliness, friendship, love. The book is a masterpiece.

Philippine Saint : Saint Lorenzo Ruiz Essay

Lorenzo Ruiz Saint Lorenzo Ruiz (ca. 1600 – 29 September 1637), also known as Laurentius Ruiz de Manila or San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila, is the firstFilipino saint venerated in the Roman Catholic Church; he is thus the protomartyr of the Philippines. He was killed for refusing to leave Japan and renounce his Roman Catholic beliefs during the persecution of Japanese Christians under the Tokugawa Shogunate in the 17th century. Saint Lorenzo is patron saint of, among others, the Philippines and Filipinos. Early life Lorenzo Ruiz was born in Binondo, Manila to a Chinese father and a Filipino mother who were bothCatholic. His father taught him Chinese while his mother taught him Tagalog. Ruiz served as an altar boy at the convent of Binondo church. After being educated by the Dominicanfriars for a few years, Ruiz earned the title of escribano (calligrapher) because of his skillful penmanship. He became a member of the Cofradia del Santissimo Rosario (Confraternity of the Most Holy Rosary). He married Rosario, a native, and they had two sons and a daughter. The Ruiz family lead a generally peaceful, religious and content life. In 1636, whilst working as a clerk for Binondo Church, Ruiz was falsely accused of killing a Spaniard. Ruiz sought asylum on board a ship with three Dominican priests: Saint Antonio Gonzalez; Saint Guillermo Courtet; Saint Miguel de Aozaraza, a Japanese priest; Saint Vicente Shiwozuka de la Cruz; and a lay leper Saint Lazaro of Kyoto. Ruiz and his companions left for Okinawa on 10 June 1636, with the aid of the Dominican fathers and Fr Giovanni Yago. Martyrdom The Tokugawa shogunate was persecuting Christians by the time Ruiz had arrived in Japan. The missionaries were arrested and thrown into prison, and after two years, they were transferred to Nagasaki to face trial by torture. He and his companions faced different types of torture. One of these was the insertion of needles inside their fingernails. On 27 September 1637, Ruiz and his companions were taken to the Nishizaka Hill, where they were tortured by being hung upside down a pit. This form of torture was known as tsurushi in Japanese or horca y hoya in Spanish. The method was supposed to be extremely painful: though the victim was bound, one hand is always left free so that victims may be able to signal that they recanted, and they would be freed. Ruiz refused to renounce Christianity and died from blood loss and suffocation. His body was cremated and his ashes thrown into the sea. According to Latin missionary accounts sent back to Manila, Ruiz declared these words upon his death: â€Å"Ego Catholicus sum et animo prompto paratoque pro Deo mortem obibo. Si mille vitas haberem, cunctas ei offerrem.† In English this may be rendered: â€Å"I am a Catholic and wholeheartedly do accept death for the Lord; If I had a thousand lives, all these I shall offer to Him.†

Crocs Essay

The company’s primary products include footwear and accessories which utilize its proprietary closed cell-resin, Croslite. It operates through three segments: Americas, Europe and Asia. *source from WSJ. The stock price (from 1/1/2007 to now) shows the overall up and down trends to Crocs. The point indicates on Nov. 2007, Crocs’s price meltdown. Clearly, Nov 2007 is just a start for Crocs to keep going down. 2. Management problems-Inventory Crocs is a huge shoe-manufactory and international company. As mentioned in the case, there is some management problems exist in the company. As seen the chart of price above, such big volatile may reflect something wrong in the company. As we analyze the balance sheet and income statement of Crocs. We find that the inventory turnover is a little low. That is a huge problem for Crocs. Because the low rate means there are too much surplus inventory in the company. While shoes are fashionable items and Crocs is now offering large amount of new styles to customers. Thus the surplus inventories do damage to the company. The chart below compares Crocs with related-field companies to see if the inventory turnover is really low. *source from www. sec. gov/ However, I think Crocs’s inventory crisis may not be that serious. Because Crocs is an international company which focuses on seasonal products, the excess inventory can be digested selling abroad. Besides, there is another way to handle this problem. According to Ron Snyder, President and CEO of Crocs, there’s really no risk in having excess inventory of our high-volume products, where the new products we want to have excess capacity in place where, when a given style takes off in a season, we can quickly ramp up and take advantage of that new style.

Advanced Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advanced Finance - Essay Example Particularly, the returns on the shares went above the UK Index from March 9th until April 8th, hence making significant returns from the investments. Sentiments indicate that the rise of AstraZeneca shares in market have been on the rise due to the improved pipeline, while other reason contributing to the rise being the approach of Pfizer in supporting the share price (Stephens, 2014). Another portfolio that made huge returns in the market through the gaming period was British American Tobacco (BATS) LN shares. The total returns from the entire game were 4.033, with the BATS LN Equity performing best from early February to mid-March, with the rest of the gaming period comparing significantly with the UK FTSE 100 Index. The BP LN is another area with highest recorded returns of 7.626 through the entire gaming period. Its Equity performance was when compared to the UK FTSE 100 Index shows too much similarity, in that the shares graph is hand to hand with each other, while its performance curve also kept on rising until the end of the gaming period. The rise of BP shares is a mid some fears of the falling oil market prices. However, traders are citing on the issue of market takeover bid from the Royal Dutch Shell as being the reason behind the rise of BP shares (Routers London Business Daily, 2014). The next area of investments that created significant returns was the Imperial Tobacco Group (IMT) LN, whereby the total returns generated were 3.407. The performance IMT LN Equity index was comparing well with the UK FTSE 100 Index, with the IMT performance index rating higher than the UK FTSE 100 Index for most of the time. The reason behind the continuous rise of Imperial Tobacco Group shares could be due to the cost optimization program that delivers further incremental savings, just as predicted in the company’s 2014 end year financial statement (Hargreaves, 2015). Another area where the shares created significant returns through the gaming period was the BT

Property Law Assessment 1 Formal Legal Advice Essay

Property Law Assessment 1 Formal Legal Advice - Essay Example On his bed, he realises minimal chances of survival and calls for a meeting. He gives Sonya a cheque worth  £100,000 on his own current account and note meant to transfer ownership of his shares of the house to her. The main issue in this scenario is the gifts that Leo gives to Sonya. The transfer of ownership depends on whether Leo dies. An issue may arise where Leo recovers from the disease and Sonya is not ready to surrender the gifts (Lorberbaum, 2001, p. 46). 2 4. He gives Sharon the key to his tin box under his bed telling her the contents belonged to her. The main issue in this scenario is the transfer of the gifts that Leo gives to Sharon. The transfer of the property will not be possible if Leo recovers, and he gives since he realizes minimal chances of survival.3 5. He gave Ben his accountant’s business card, telling him to contact him and get ownership of all his share certificates, sell them and give the proceeds to Leo’s students in equal shares Siam (Legal International, 2001). An issue might arise concerning the authority to transfer ownership of share certificates. Ben must be convinced that Leo has approved the transfer.4 6. Leo recovers from the illness. A part of the roof falls on him on leaving for his first walk since the infection, and he dies instantly. The main issue in this scenario is the death of Leo. It is accidental, therefore, all the gifts that he had given out succeeds. 7. Ben arranges to sell the shares and spend the proceeds on a holiday. The main issue in the scenario is the sale of shares. Ben arranges to surrender his shareholding in the house which is possible since he is the legal owner of the house.5 2. The property concerning this scenario falls under estates. Donatio mortis causa is a method through which ownership of property passes without the need to comply with the formalities of Wills Acts when death occurs. The courts develop and extend the doctrine on a case-by-case basis. This results in the

Defining Words for Worship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Defining Words for Worship - Essay Example Psalms 105 says that human beings should make known God’s deeds to the whole world. Praise refers to â€Å"giving thanks† in Psalm 1051. 2 Chronicles 30:22 is an example of how the word â€Å"praise has been used in the new testament. The Levites ate the peace offering sacrifices while offering praise to the lord at the sanctuary. Psalm 54:6 also shows how the word â€Å"praise† has been used, it says â€Å"willingly I will sacrifice to you; I will give thanks to your name, O LORD, for it is good†2. Psalms 96: 4 says that our father and our lord deserve ad seek our praise. â€Å"Yahweh is great and is worthy to be praised†. The lord also deserves worship from human beings. Psalm 29:2 says that human beings should bow down to God. In the current churches, praise and worship services are dedicated to the lord. The word â€Å"praise’ has been uttered by Leah, after giving birth to a child (Genesis 29). Leah was the first wife of Jacob and sist er of Rachel. The word praise is used to give thanks to God after mighty deeds have been encountered by human beings. Prayer should be used to praise the Lord, however, human beings only pray when they are in troubles. Prayer should be used to praise and worship the lord for the wonderful deeds he has done to human beings3. Serve Jesus used the word â€Å"serve’ to refer to the main purpose of His coming. ... According to Philippians 1; 3-27, Paul says that human beings should conduct their selves in a manner honorable to the teachings of Christ. Christians can serve god by conducting themselves in a holly manner. Sinful deeds by human beings are not considered as service to the Lord. Paul further says that a worthy walk in God’s light constitutes obedience to their partnership in the gospel4. According to Romans 12; 11, human beings are expected to serve the Lord without lacking Zeal. Spiritual favor should be maintained at all times while serving God. In addition, Deuteronomy 13; 4 says that human beings should only follow the Lord their God. It is only God that is worth being Served and revered. The keeping of God’s commandments and obeying his commands are the best ways to serve and hold fast to him. Further, Galatians 5; 13 says that human beings and their brothers were called to use their freedom in serving the lord. Human beings should not engage in sinful deeds but s erve one another in love5. Serving God and other human beings is captured in 1 Peter 4; 10. Every person should use the gift given to them from God to serve others as well as faithfully carrying out ministries. Gifts from God should be used in assisting other creatures who are in need of help, by doing this; human beings will be serving the Lord. Consequently, Joshua 22; 5 says that the laws that were given to the Israelites by Moses should be followed. Human beings should love the Lord their God, do what is right, follow the commandments, and to serve the Lord with all their heart and soul. Mark 10; 45 also shows how human beings should serve the lord. Mark says that Jesus Christ did not come to be served by human beings, but to offer services to

Neo-Liberalism. How is it Related to Free Market Fundamentalism Essay

Neo-Liberalism. How is it Related to Free Market Fundamentalism - Essay Example The Roots of Neo- Liberalism The popular ideology has its roots from the Father of Economics, Adam Smith, who advocated for less government role in markets, manufacturing and barriers to trade . This and other basic fundamentals such as the productivity of labor are mentioned in his book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. After the end of the World War, and during the Great Depression, liberalism was highly critiqued. The high level of unemployment, and downward spiraling business activity became the major threat to the foundations of Capitalism and it was at this time that prominent economists such as John Maynard Keynes and Margaret Thatcher stepped up with their theories that questioned such matters as the employment line and government intervention. Keynes’ belief was that the government could indeed be used for the purposes of taxation and borrowing, to stimulate and expand economies rather than simply to shelter storms . The two factors economies are measured by are empl oyment determination and income distribution. Keynesianism felt that the economy would time and again result in weaknesses of employment demand generation, such as the Great Depression, and this could be cured with the use of monetary and fiscal policies. The Keynesian model would dominate Capitalist economies for nearly 35 years after the World War, introducing new institutions and unions. Although Keynesianism as an economic model rose to become accepted reality for more than a quarter of a century, it would be replaced by the contradictory policies of neo- liberalism by the end of the 70’s. The switch between policies occurred over many reasons. Some attributed it primarily to global events such as oil price shocks, and the Vietnamese war, while others have placed the divide between Keynesians over policies as a primary reason. Others believed it was due to the lack of implementation of Keynesian policies in particular borders or countries due to rising globalization at the time. But one factor that all historians agree unanimously on is the change in public opinion over the mixed economy. One writer of her time, Ayn Rand, is famous for penning down the fears of the public over extensive regulation and control in her magnum opus novel; a fictional work titled Atlas Shrugged. Whatever the reasons, an amalgamation of these factors is what led to the rallying of public opinion towards Neo-Liberalism. Amongst those who strove for this cause, the names of three economic philosophers are embedded in history- Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, and Robert Nozick are most relevant in understanding the views of Neo- Liberals. Each man had a different viewpoint of why there was a need for an open market economy, and each has left a mark in their own right for contributions vital to the cause. Neo-Liberalism, as an economic model, has served the economy well in that the standard of living has generally been upwards since its wide acceptance. We have also, seen the development of institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund pushing for the removal of trade barriers and a more globalized world as the by-products of this approach, and over the last half decade, we have come to observe that Neo-Liberalism has become a global phenomenon. But is this static in lieu of the Global Financial Meltdown of 2008? Are critics of Neo-Libe ralist polices correct in linking it to

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Report - Essay Example Customer service is a process used by the organisations to provide customers with the needs and wants. The travel and tourism industry is one which is very large and there is a high level of direct customer interaction in this industry. Over the years, with the level of disposable income rising in the country, the customers are able and willing to spend more on various services related to travel and tourism and various researches have highlighted that customers are able to spend heavily on their travel and tourism needs. Saying this is also important to understand, that with an increase of the number of people indulging in the travel and tourism, the need for customer service has also grown to a higher extent. The travel industry requires to follow the ABTA rules. The main aim of the ABTA policies is to ensure that all the members of the travel industry and that all the customers and the members of the travel industry are provided with high levels of quality and customer service. All the travel related companies need to follow the rules set down by the ABTA and are obliged to follow the rules and regulations and policies set down by the ABTA. Customer Service is an essential part of Customer relationship management. Customer relationship management, which is widely known as CRM holds an enormous importance in today’s competitive world. This is clear from the several different mission statements and the vision statements that are presented by the companies across the world. An excellent example for the mission statements is, ‘It is the policy of McDonnell & Miller to provide products and services to the market which meet or exceed the reasonable expectations of our customers. Satisfying our customers with the appropriate level of quality is a primary goal and a fundamental element of our business mission’ (Mission Statements, 2010). Various changes have

A project for potential implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

A project for potential implementation - Essay Example per elderly person, the increasing demands can be met only by increasing productivity in health sector, relying more on immigrant health workers, or attracting a larger share of American workers to careers in health care.† (Davis, Karen. 12). Further, in the Fact Sheet of ‘HRSA Nursing Workforce and Education Programs for FY 2007 Appropriations’, the Department of Labor reported that America’s demand for RNs will grow 29 per cent between 2004 and 2014 (HRSA.2). During the last five years of my tenure as Human Resources Manager (HRM) in this hospital I have always been confronted with a major concern of not being able to recruit sufficient number of health care professionals, especially RNs. I also want to draw the attention of the senior management to the fact that we have recently conducted a drive to recruit 50 nurses against some existing and anticipated vacancies. However, we have been able to earmark only 30 candidates even after exhausting all the channels. This is creating a major impediment in our expansion plan which is scheduled for the second half of next year. Under the present circumstances it is unlikely that our HR Department will be able to identify and enlist sufficient number of RNs from the domestic market. From past experience, and an evaluation of relevant dossiers, I understand that nurses from India who constitute about 15% of RNs in this hospital, are very committed, well mannered, and reasonably educated. They are also found to have been consistent in delivering results as emerging through a review of their Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). So, India will be a potential source for recruiting the workforce in this category. However, a constraint arises from the fact that due to the lack of training and orientation facilities, a vast majority of Indian nurses are unable to qualify tests like CGFNS, NCLEX, and IELTS, which are prerequisites for recruitment to US hospitals. In this connection, I have had several rounds of

Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress Essay Example for Free

Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress Essay In his message, Franklin advises his friend that marriage is the best solution not for only sexual desires but also the undisputable source of solid happiness. Having suspicions that his friend would not follow his guidance, Franklin recommends him to choose older mistresses instead of younger ones and lists eight valuables reasons to better support his argument. Franklin commences his essay by presenting advantages of the marriage. He says I know of no medicine fit to diminish the violent inclinations you mention Marriage is the proper remedy. It is most natural state of man and therefore the state in which you can are most likely to find solid happiness. Through those sentences, Franklin seems to estimate that from a masculine view, one of the main advantages of the marriage is to bring pacification toward requirements of the flesh. The recipient of the letter who was the friend of the author seemed to be looking for a situation in which he could find sexual partner and happiness without commitment. Based on the previous quotes, the author claims that the best situation in which he could find hat he was looking for was a marriage. In his letter, Franklin advices his friend to settle because It is the man and woman together that make the complete human being. If Franklin thinks that the marriage is so positive, this is relied to both psychological and socio-economical reasons. First all he is convinced that the married life is more balancing that the single lifetime. Franklin believes that a man who did not find the soul mate is in other words incomplete, unaccomplished by saying that A single man has not nearly the value he would have in that sate of union, He is an ncomplete animal. He resembles the odd half of a pair of scissors. Based on this judgement, Franklin means that family life calms people; it is the natural arrangement in which they can organize their production strength with the most possible benefit. While Franklin affirms that together there are more likely to succeed in the world there is no doubt that he is referring to the material success. Concerning the woman, it is only in a marriage that she can show up her real values. Through the letter, Franklin continues to give worthy reasons in order to convince the ecipient about getting married. Franklin having doubts that his friend would not consider his advice followed his representation of the marriage by an alternative solution to satisfy his needs. If his friend his not ready to commit and wants to continue a commerce with Sex inevitable, he suggested that you should prefer old woman to young ones. The first raison that Franklin used to support his case is that they nave more knowledge ot the world, and their minds are better stored witn observations, their conversation is more improving and more lastingly agreeable. By affirming this, Franklin makes an allusion to the intelligence of older woman. He illustrates that people gain knowledge as they get older. They have, in principle knew more love stories or adventures than youngest ones, thus they better know men, know how to take care of them and also how to satisfy them. Franklin defends the idea that a debate with an old woman is rich and interesting, because they had been through many involvements from witch they had retains acquaintance. They have lived longer and have things to communicate to you. Franklin also supports his reference for older woman by saying that To maintain their influence over men, they supply the diminution of beauty by an augmentation of utility. This is to illustrate that older woman, with the time spend less time worrying about their appearance, which they use to do more important stuff. To him, when beauty disappears, women improve their service. At their age, they assume their femininity and do so without any complex. Franklin, who was a man of science and also know as Lady Man also gave bodily motivation for choosing an older woman. He implies that ? because in every animal that walks upright the deficiency of the fluids that fill the muscles appears first in the highest part. The face first grows lank and wrinkled; then the neck; then the breast and arms; the lower parts continuing to the last as plump as ever: so that covering all above with a basket, and regarding only what is below the girdle, it is impossible of two women to tell an old one from a young one. His purpose here is to assure his friend that there are no doubts or fear to have on the corporal pleasure of an old woman. According to him as in the dark all cats are rey, the pleasure of corporal enjoyment with an old woman is at least equal, and frequently superior. This is to support that woman are woman regardless of age, an old woman can perform the same way as a young one concerning sexual experience. Sometimes, they are even considered superior. Through the note, Franklin by saying because there is no hazard of children, which irregularly produced may be attended with much inconvenience refers to the fact that woman at a certain age cant get pregnant. Thus while dating them the chance of being relied to them by omeone or something is null. This also makes the separation easier and leaves out others inconvenient that children can bring in a relationship. Across the letter, Franklin continues to encourage his friend to choose an old female if this last one persist in thinking a Commerce with the ser. He establishes a formal and highly analytical tone with his receiver about the discretion an old mistress can have in their relationship. He supports his suggestion by affirming that because through more experience they are more prudent and discreet in conducting an intrigue to revent suspicion. The commerce with them is therefore safer with regard to your reputation. From the following sentence, the author suggests that with an old woman, it is less probable that the relationship get revealed consequently with her you reputation will be at the shelter because they are more responsible in managing a relationship and they now what they want. Finally, Franklin ends up with his letter by saying they are so grateful. Even thoug h Franklin, in his letter gave an approved receipt to find the best mistress, it is obvious that considering as the ounding father his interest for marriage respond to others concern more important than the promotion ot the psych-to-emotional blooming.

The Proper Definition Of A Social Network Site

The Proper Definition Of A Social Network Site The purpose of this paper is to educate you with the proper definition of a social network site, a brief overview of its history and how they have evolved to being used in almost every facet of life today. Social Network: Definition Social network site is a web-based service that allows individuals to (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system (Boyd, Ellison, 2007). While the term social network site is used to describe this concept, the term social networking sites is also commonly used, and both can be used back and forth. I refrained from using the term networking for two reasons: emphasis and scope. Networking signifies intent of a new relationship, more often than not between strangers. Although people do network on these sites, it is not the main attraction, nor is it what makes them stand out from other forms of computer-mediated communication. The term community refers to networks that are ethnically homogenous. The uniqueness of social network sites does not come in the fact that they allow individuals to meet new people, but rather that they allow users to identify and publicize their social networks. This usually results in connections between individuals that would not otherwise be made, but that is often not the goal, and these meetings are frequently between latent ties (Haythornthwaite, 2005) who share some offline connection. On most of the popular social networking sites, members do not actually network or look to meet new people; instead, they are primarily communicating with people who are already a part of their extended social network. To emphasize this articulated social network as a critical organizing feature of these sites, we label them social network sites. As mentioned earlier, while social network sites may have a number of unique features to them, their background still consists of peoples profiles that display a list of their friends who are also members of the site. Profiles are a one page summary of an individual. When an individual newly joins a social network site, they are typically asked to answer basic questions that help to create ones profile. They typically ask for your name, age, sex, interests and location. There is also a section that allows one to upload a photograph and some networks even allow users to upload music and themes to enhance the look of their profile page. Once a user has joined a social network, the next step is typically to identify other friends on the system or network and request access to their profiles and/or networks via a friend request. The term Friends can be misleading, because the connection does not necessarily mean friendship in the everyday vernacular sense, and the reasons people connect are varied (Boyd, 2006). At this stage, users can scroll through their friend list and view each friends profile and their friend list. Some networks may permit access to profile pages in the same network even though a unique connection has not been established while others may not. Some even allow users to restrict access to their page. For example, if you are not directly connected to another user, you cannot view or have limited view to their profile page. Another feature of most social network sites is messaging. There is usually a mechanism in place for friends to communicate with one another on the network. For example, if you like a friends profile photograph, there should be a way to tell them there and then. The most common lingua for such is comment. Friends comment on each others pages and pictures and some even have email-like services on the networks but not all started out like this. History of Social Networks According to the criteria used to define social network sites, SixDegrees.com was the very first social networking site. It allowed its users to create profiles, add their friends on the site and, beginning in 1998, view their friends profiles. Profiles existed on most major dating sites and many community sites. Some sites allowed users to list friends although no one else could view them. Others allowed members to join networks such as high schools or colleges and see others in their networks but they could not create profiles for years. SixDegrees was the first social networking site that allowed it users to do all these. Figure Although SixDegrees garnered much public acclaim, its attempt to be a sustainable business failed and as such, the service shut down in 2000. With hindsight, the developers believed that the site offered more than was required. Meanwhile at this time most people who began using the internet more often had no networks of friends who were constantly online. It brought about complaints of boredom online. There was basically nothing to do after adding friends because people were not interested in networking with strangers. If you take a look at Figure 1, you can see a table that lists almost all the communities and social networks that have been established over a ten year period from 1997 to 2006. Some of these networks and communities did not actually have all the features that qualify them as a social networking site. Some names appear more than once as the years went by, the latter occurrence signifies their re-launch as a full social networking site. From 1997 to 2001, AsianAvenue, BlackPlanet, and MiGente began supporting various combinations of profiles and publicly listed friends. They allowed their users to create personal, professional, and dating profile and they could identify friends on their personal profiles without seeking approval for those connections. In 1999 when LiveJournal came around, it facilitated single connections on user pages. On LiveJournal, users mark others as their friends in order to read their journals. Cyworld, the Korean virtual world site kicked off in 1999 and by 2001 it re-launched as a full social networking site with features such as friend lists, guestbooks and diary pages as did the Swedish web community LunarStorm. After 2003, the social networking sites hit it big time. Several began to pop up for different reasons. While the basic profile based structured remained their purpose diversified some were for friends meeting old and new ones while others sought to cater to a more professional and business minded demography. Care2 connected activists to one another, Couchsurfing networked travelers and people with couches and MyChurch brought together churches and their members. Gradually as user-generated content began to grow, attention shifted to sites like Flickr (picture sharing), Last.FM(music listening) and YouTube(video uploads). Now most of these upcoming social networking sites were being launched from Silicon Valley where a lot of angel investors were pumping money into them and as such any site that developed outside of that area barely got attention. This is why some sites developed in the U.S had better reception outside the country. Examples will be Orkut(Brazils number one) and MSN Spaces. The advent of MySpace was aided by the ailing Friendster. Rumors that Friendster would begin to charge its users only succeeded in putting the sword to the heart on the already ailing site. MySpace garnered most of its initial popularity from rock bands out in Los Angeles who were trying to get their names out. They used it to advertise their shows and club owners used it to advertise bands and ticket sales. The demographic for MySpace gradually shifted toward young teenagers and adults who liked music and wished to connect with their favorite artists. Another thing that the site had going for it was that it allowed users to customize their pages and add their favorite songs to their pages. This and the fact that some adults began using it to meet minors to solicit sexual interaction were part of the reasons that MySpace began to fall just shortly after it got purchased for about $540 million. Apart from these network sites, there were others whose primary focus was a particular group of people such as when Facebook began in 2004. Facebook began in early 2004 as a Harvard-only SNS (Cassidy, 2006). To be a member, you had to be a registered student of Harvard University and use your school email address to register. With time, the network expanded but the restrictions still applied. It went to other schools but still required that a school email be used to register. This gave most people the perception that it was more of a community than a social networking site. Benefits of Social Network Sites Today social network sites are being used in very different ways that benefit a whole lot of people. Everyone seems to find a way to use them to their benefit. Consumers and manufacturers use social network sites to give and get feedback on their products. By analyzing feedback given by consumers on social network sites, blogs and other means, manufacturers have the ability to improve their sales, know when to up-sell and down-sell, they also know how to minimize cost of acquiring new consumers and many other methods. In some countries, the leaders use social network sites as a means of getting closer to the people. Some representatives use it to get feedback from their people and listen to their problems. Leaders can explain to their people what exactly the implications of certain policies and they can also get input or public opinion on certain issues that may require voting in the house. It is an essential tool in modern day leadership and political campaign. The results of the last presidential elections held in the United States were predicted by analyzing feedback about the respective candidates on sites like Facebook and Twitter. It also helped the candidates in addressing campaign issues that concerned the people. Senator Obama even had a MiGente profile that he used to reach out to the Latin-American population during the course of his campaign. Educators are finding new ways to engage their students in the learning process as well as improve teaching methods through social networking sites. Students across the world interact with one another via Skype, Twitter and Facebook during classes as a method of learning about other parts of the world and how they learn over there. In January 2009, Silvia Tolisano, a teacher in Jacksonville, Florida developed a project that involved over 300 participants in schools across the globe. The goal was to prove how helpful social networking sites can be in student education. According to her, It creates a global awareness that there is a wider world out there and that we are not alone. They find its just as easy to collaborate with a class in England as with the class next door. Social network sites not only benefit the student, the educators as well benefit from sites like Twitter and Ning. While students havent become enamored with Twitter yet, it has become a hot spot for educators to find professional development and resources (Michelle R. Davis, 2010). One of the most popular types of educator events on Twitter are EdChats-one-hour conversations that take place every Tuesday around a particular topic. The chats are the brainchild of several educators, including Thomas Whitby, a co-creator of a 3,700-member Ning site called The Educators PLN, for professional learning network.

DNA Replication Body System

DNA Replication Body System Mahbubul Alam Introduction The ability of a cell to sustain in a disorderly atmosphere depends on the precise duplication of the wide variety of inherited information carried in its DNA. This duplication process, called DNA duplication or replication, must happen before a cell can generate two genetically similar daughter cells. Keeping it in a cell also needs the constant surveillance and repair of its inherited details, as DNA can be harmed by chemicals and rays from the planet, and by injuries and reactive substances that happen inside the cell. DNA Replication The genetic content in a cellular is known as in the series of the heterocyclic amines of DNA. There are normally 46 lengths of DNA known as chromosomes in individual tissues. Particular parts, known as bodys genes, on each chromosome contain the genetic details which elevates people from each other. The bodys genes also contain the known as details necessary for the functionality of protein and minerals necessary for the regular features of the tissues. DNA replication to human reproductive processes The replication of the DNA molecule, also known as doubling, or polymerization, of a genetic phenomenon that ensures the self-duplication of the information contained in the chromosomes, particularly in the genes. This process occurs during the S interface (phase of the cell cycle, preparing to enter the cell division), being necessary for maintenance of the individual organic, allowing the development of the organism (growth), the replacement of injured tissue (epithelial) or where possible regeneration and propagation of hereditary traits, allowing the gamete formation containing reliable information on the species. For the event this process are indispensable some events involving the strand of the DNA molecule. Initially the filament of the template (parent molecule), has its double-stranded (polynucleotide chain: phosphoric grouping, pentose deoxyribose and nitrogenous base) separated due the breaking of hydrogen bonds, held between complementary nitrogenous bases. Prior to cellular department, the DNA content in the unique cellular must be replicated so that after cellular department, each new cellular contains the complete amount of DNA content. The procedure of DNA replication is usually known as replication (Hejna, 2000). The replication is known as semi conservative since each new cellular contains one string of unique DNA and one recently produced string of DNA. The unique polynucleotide string of DNA works as a design to details the functionality of the new contrasting polynucleotide of DNA (Dickerson, 1983). DNA replication at cellular level After identifying the replication of DNA template, the next step was to investigate the process as follows. Each parental strand of DNA will serve as template for the formation of a new complementary strand (review complementarity rule of nitrogenous bases) using the free nucleotides of each cell in the nucleoplasm. The end result is two new identical double-stranded DNA molecules with each other, with an original chain and other complementary newly synthesized. DNA Mutation One of the qualities of the inherited content, as identified in the component on nucleic chemicals, is the capability to demonstrate difference over time. This residence was necessary to describe why people within an inhabitants are not all genetically similar, and to describe how creatures progress. Mutation is placed as a failing to shop inherited details consistently (PBS. 2001). Types of Mutations Somatic vs. Gametic Mutation The repercussions of a mutation rely on where in an personal they happen. Some Mutations happen in frequent body cells; these are somatic Mutations. For example, someone who stays too enough time suntanning might encounter a mutation in an epidermis cellular. The repercussions of such a mutation are sensed only by the person. The epidermis cellular may create some issue (such as cancer malignancy, perhaps) due to the mutation, but because the mutation took place only in an epidermis cellular, it would not be approved on to following years (Cook, 1999). Some Mutations happen in germline cells. These cells generate the gametes; therefore, they are gametic Mutations. In most situations, such Mutations wouldnt even be discovered by the person. After all, the gametes dont perform a popular part in the day-to-day operate of the person. These Mutations, as opposed to the somatic Mutations, will be approved on to the next creation, because they happen in the cells that generate the next creation (Cook, 1999). Spontaneous vs. Induced Mutation Some Mutations happen as natural mistakes in DNA duplication (or due to mysterious chemical type reactions); these are known as natural Mutations. The rates of such Mutations have been established for many types. E. coli has a natural mutation amount of 1/108 (one mistake in every 108 nucleotides replicated). People have an increased natural mutation rate: between 1/106 and 1/105 (probably due to the greater complexness of human replication) (Baker Bell, 1998). Random Reversible The reversibility of many Mutations should recommend to you that the procedure is unique. Mutations do not happen in reaction to an incitement. In other terms, bacteriado not mutate to become anti-biotic tolerant as a reaction to experience medications. Instead, out of all of the Mutations happening in inhabitants of bacteria, some (a little percentage) will cause anti-biotic level of resistance. If that anti-biotic is experienced, those microbe cells with that particular mutation will survive; the vast majority of the cells that do not have the mutation will die (Pray, 2008). Mutations can be undoable. If a mutation happens once in a gene, there is a very little possibility that the mutated platform could mutate again to its unique kind. On the other hand, there are events when a mutation in a second, individual gene will come again the phenotype of the patient to an outrageous kind overall look (an unusual situation of two errors creating a right). This form of mutation is known as a suppressor mutation (Pray, 2008). Effects of Mutation Mutations can impact people in several different methods. Among the repercussions of mutation are the following (Dickerson, 1983): Change in a morphological feature. This means an apparent alternation in some actual typical of a patient. Most of the mutant phenotypes we have seen in this course have been of this kind (for example, brief vegetation instead of tall). Healthy or biochemical difference. A mutation may happen in a gene that encodes a compound engaged in a metabolic road, such as a compound engaged in the biosynthesis of a protein. If this happens, the patient can no more synthesize the protein, and must acquire from nutritional resources. Impact Of Genes And Chromosomes On Inherited Characteristics And Traits Genes comprise of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA contains the code, or outline, used to integrate a protein. Qualities fluctuate in size, contingent upon the sizes of the proteins for which they code. Every DNA particle is a long twofold helix that takes after a winding staircase containing a huge number of steps. The ventures of the staircase comprise of sets of four sorts of atoms called bases (nucleotides). In every step, the base adenine (An) is matched with the base thymine (T), or the base guanine (G) is combined with the base cytosine (C). Conclusion Because DNA duplication is so important to creatures, an excellent deal of attempt has been dedicated to knowing its procedure. The replication of E. coli DNA is probably best recognized and is the focus of interest in this area. The procedure in eucaryotic cells is believed to be identical, and hence the study of DNA has become such an important aspect in the field of microbiology and biotechnology. Through the study of DNA the agriculture sector is also being facilitated through the means of genetic mutation of seeds of various fruits, vegetables and grains (Johnson, 1993). Task # 2 Human Body System The Digestive System is made up of organs that break down food into protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and fats, which the body needs for energy, growth, and repair. After the food is chewed and swallowed, it goes down the throat and enters the stomach. It is further broken down by powerful stomach acids. From the stomach the food travels into the small intestine. This is where your food is broken down into nutrients that can enter the bloodstream through tiny hair-like projections. The excess food that the body doesnt need or cant digest is turned into waste and is eliminated from the body. The digestive system is a key component of everyday life due to the fact it handles all the intake of water and food sources. The Muscular System is comprised of tissues that work with the skeletal system to control development of the body. A few muscles like the ones in your arms and legs are willful, implying that you choose when to move them. Different muscles, in the same way as the ones in your stomach, heart, digestion tracts and different organs, are automatic. This implies that they are controlled consequently by the nervous system and hormones you regularly dont even understand theyre grinding away. Without the muscle system the body would be pretty much as motionless as ocean weed. There would more corpulence and a more quickly developing demise rate. The Nervous System is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves. One of the most important systems in your body, the nervous system is your bodys control system. It sends, receives, and processes nerve impulses throughout the body. These nerve impulses tell your muscles and organs what to do and how to respond to the environment. There are three parts of your nervous system that work together: the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system. The most important part of the human body; plain and simple if you kill the head the body will follow. The Reproductive System allows humans to produce children. Sperm from the male fertilizes the females egg, or ovum, in the fallopian tube. The fertilized egg travels from the fallopian tube to the uterus, where the fetus develops over a period of nine months. Most would think that it’s not important but with no reproductive organs the world would have been unpopulated long time ago. Physiological Processes of Organs Human physiology is a discipline that is focused on the study of the functions of the human body. It is an area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹biology, anatomy closely related. The study of human physiology is as old as the origins of Medicine. Many knowledge on this field have been acquired through the study of animal physiology, through experimentation on animals. he human body through its physiological processes has several mechanisms to control the conditions of the internal environment and state of the body. These mechanisms are responsible for maintaining body temperature, blood pressure, blood pH, ion concentration and adequate oxygen, among other important factors, being disturbed, would endanger the maintenance of homeostasis and normal functions of the body human. Skin The skin is the largest organ of the human body and, among other functions, is responsible for tact. It is through her that we perceive as heat and pain sensations.The skin has thousands of receptor cells on its surface. Tongue The tongue has receptors called taste buds, responsible for taste. The papillae are chemoreceptor, does that mean that they are specialized to detect the presence of chemicals. Knew the language has a unique and exclusive impression, similar to fingerprint? There are specialized taste buds in the perception of four basic flavors: sweet, bitter, sour and salty. Each type of papilla is located in a specific region of the tongue. The combination of these four types of stimuli receptors to the nervous system transmits information about, for example, the flavor of the foods you eat. Nose The nose is the organ that contains the receptors responsible for the smell. Within the nasal cavity, there is a specialized tissue, the olfactory epithelium, which contains thousands of receivers, called olfactory cells. Olfactory sensory cells possess by that pick or other volatile substances dispersed in inspired air molecules. In response to the presence of these molecules, olfactory cells produce nerve stimuli. These are conducted to the central nervous system where they are translated into sensations. Ears Ears healthy organs responsible for hearing and balance. Inside the ear are mecanorreceptoras cells. These cells capture mechanical stimuli, translating them into nerve impulses. The semicircular canals are also filled with fluid and having a plurality of hair receiving cells. As the head and the body move the liquid within the channels moves and presses the cilia of the sensory cells. These capture the stimulus and transmit nerve impulses to the central nervous system. Eyes The photoreceptor cells have eyes, i.e. light stimuli capable of capturing, producing nerve stimuli transmitted to the central nervous system. These cells are located in the retina, a layer of lining of the eye, and are of two types: rods and cones. The rods are very sensitive to changes in light intensity, but not distinguish colors, which is performed by the cones. The bright rays penetrate the eye and pass through the pupil. The pupil is a structure capable of controlling the amount of light that enters the eye. Role of Organs of Special Sense in Homeostasis The human body is continuously bombarded by all kinds of stimuli. Some of these stimuli are received by sensory receptors distributed throughout the entire body. Other stimuli are received by highly complex receptor organs. These are referred to as the special senses. From each special sense organ, information is sent to the brain through specific cranial nerves. When the information reaches the specific area of the brains cerebral cortex, it is perceived at the conscious level as sight, sound, smell, taste, and balance. These special senses allow us to detect changes in our environment, providing information necessary for homeostasis. The role of internal and external environment is immense in the context of organs of special sense. Osmoregulation Osmoregulation is the process by which living organisms remain relatively constant it internally so that their chemical composition varies little. To do this, agencies should regulate the entry and exit of water, minerals and other substances. Aquatic unicellular organisms such as bacteria and many protozoans are in constant contact with water and this greatly facilitates this process. In multicellular organisms, however, only some cell surfaces are in contact with the external environment, while the internal cells are surrounded by an extracellular fluid that has a composition and characteristics different to those of the environment. The main function of osmoregulation is to maintain the chemical composition of the cell cytoplasm and internal fluids within the limits that can develop a kind. Thermoregulation Thermoregulation or temperature control is the ability of a biological organism to change its temperature, within certain limits, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. The term is used to describe the processes that maintain the balance between gain and loss of heat . If one adds or removes a given amount of heat to an object, its temperature increases or decreases, respectively, in an amount that depends on theheat capacity in an environment specific. At steady state, the rate at which heat (produced thermogenesis ) is balanced by the rate at which heat is dissipated to the atmosphere ( thermolysis). If thermolysis imbalance thermogenesis and a change in the rate of heat storage body and consequently a change in the heat content of the body and at body temperature. Thermoregulatory or bodies homeotermos essentially maintain constant body temperature in a range of environmental conditions. Moreover, thetermoconformistas or poiquilotermos are organisms whose body temperature varies with the ambient conditions. According to the method of production of heat, organisms are classified in endotherms and ectotherms . The endotherms organisms control body temperature by internal heat production, and usually maintain that temperature above the ambient temperature. Ectotherms organisms depend, to regulate their body temperature, essentially a heat source (Lyman, 2012). In the case of human body temperature is approximately 37. More precisely, the average temperature in humans is 36.7 ºC, although it can vary from subject to subject, and 95% of subjects have a temperature between 36.3 and 37.1 ºC. On the other hand, the temperature in a subject can vary throughout the day, being a little lower at dawn and 0.5  ° C higher in the evening. During sleep the worst and regulates temperature tends to drop. In women the temperature rises half a degree in the second half of the menstrual cycle, after ovulation. To maintain this temperature constant, there are multiple mechanisms, but are controlled by the hypothalamus, where the temperature control is centralized. The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating the properties of the internal environment, such as salt concentration or temperature. The hypothalamus works similar to a home thermostat. When the temperature of the house is lower than that at which we set the thermostat, it starts heating until the temperature is equal to the desired. If the temperature of the house is greater than the set point, the heating stops the temperature drops. The hypothalamus measures the temperature in the hypothalamus itself, there are some neurons in the hypothalamus region which are sensitive to temperature. Besides the hypothalamus receives temperature information elsewhere in the body, especially the skin temperature, and this information will come from sensory nerve fibers sensitive to temperature. The hypothalamus compares the temperature in the hypothalamus and in the skin with the reference value of 37, if the body temperature is greater than 37 puts in place mechanisms to decrease, if you are under 37 makes it rise. When there is a discrepancy between the core temperature in the hypothalamus, and the skin temperature, for example if the temperature is higher than 37C (in) hypothalamus and (in) skin is (will be) less than 37, preferably taking the core temperature.

Polymers :: essays research papers

Polymers are large molecules composed of smaller molecules called monomers. Monomers are produced and either grow together or are assembled to produce a single polymer. There are synthetic and natural polymers. Some examples of natural polymers would be wood, starches, fingernails, and hair. Synthetic polymers are usually referred to as plastics. Petroleum, is the primary monomer used to produce polymers. An English chemist named Alexander Parkes was the first scientist to produce the first synthetic polymer in 1862. John Wesley Hyatt, an American, was the first person to produce a useable polymer two years later. He named the product celluloid. The prime virtue of polymers is a high strength-to-weight ratio. Industrial-strength polymers surpass titanium in tensile strength. To add strength and improve flexibility, polymers are sometimes fortified with short-fiber additives, mostly fiberglass. This is known as a polymer composite. One particular polymer has three times the strength of tempered steel and is being used in bullet proof vests. Another composite will be used to fasten together the sections proposed space stations. Polymers have also been used in cars, including the Chevrolet Camaro and the Pontiac Fiero. New polymers are being created with more strength and flexibility by combing two chemically different polymers and producing a block copolymer. Combinations of block copolymers and composites and intended for use in booster rockets and in materials of Earth-orbiting installations. Most common polymers are usually solid, but a new class of polymers is being introduced in a liquid crystal state. Although these polymers still have the physical characteristics of liquid, they are structured more like solids. Many liquid crystals are transparent at one temperature and colored at another temperature. This makes them suitable for use in liquid crystal displays, such as in digital watches, hand-held calculators, and lap-top computers. A new liquid polymer, consisting of a mixture of iron and nickel, is being used to make metal links that can be used in paper, glass, and on electronic circuit boards. Despite the development and widespread use of

The Importance of Roger Spottiswoode’s Screen Adaptation of And The Ban

The Importance of Roger Spottiswoode’s Screen Adaptation of And The Band Played On [1] Hollywood is no longer just a name, it is a business, a living entity holding America’s people in its grasp, and it is not about to let them go. Gradually taking on more responsibility and trying to build up its reputation over the years, Hollywood has progressively assumed the position of history-teller for the American public. This role, whether or not an appropriate one for an industry such as Hollywood to tackle, has catapulted actors and actresses into high paying, high visibility positions. History has and will continue to be one of the main subjects that the movie industry has been fascinated with. It is an alive and very fragile subject that, through its multi-dimensional character, requires careful attention by everyone involved in the project. Whenever Hollywood tackles an historical topic, whether portraying a non-disputable factual event or only a vaguely one, the industry is bound to encounter dispute and criticism. [2] Regardless of how careful the director, producer, and actors are at being loyal to the subject matter, then, the question still remains whether or not Hollywood is a legitimate resource for historical matter. Is it possible for a dramatic, high priced and glitzy medium to be honest and true to its subject matter in such a way that viewers are not confused but more educated walking out than they were walking in? Is the Movie Theater any place for history to be learned? Directors fight and argue that indeed Hollywood is equally as reliable and legitimate a source as other "texts." The movies provide a more immediate resource, allowing history to change from the dreaded school subject to an appea... ...-. Conduct Unbecoming: Lesbians and Gays in the U.S. Military: Vietnam to the Persian Gulf. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993. ---. The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life & Times of Harvey Milk. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1982. â€Å"The True Virus.† The Economist 8 June 1991 (v319 n7710): 83. Video Against AIDS. v1-3. Curated by John Greyson and Bill Horrigan. The Video Data Bank with V Tape/Canada, 1988 Voices From the Front. Video. Dir. Robyn Hutt, David Meieran and Sandra Elgear. Cinemax/Vangaurd Cinema, 1991. Wallis, Claudia. â€Å"Battling AIDS; More Misery, Less Mystery.† Time 29 April 1985: 68. Weintraub, Bernard. â€Å"Stars Flock to Be in HBO Film About the Early Years of AIDS.† Rev of And the Band Played On, by HBO Productions. New York Times 11 Jan 1993, Current Events ed.: C11. Werth, Barry. â€Å"By AIDS Obsessed.† GQ Aug 1991.